Wild Bergamot (Monarda Fistulosa) - Grow Monarda Fistulosa seeds for this attractive and useful perennial herb plant. Also known as Mint Leaf Bee Balm this perennial is an upright growing plant which spreads out. It has a lovely lavender blossom and distinctively aromatic foliage. Its sweet nectar is a favorite of butterflies, bees and hummingbirds. Wild Bergamot is native to eastern North America and the plains, and it is easy to grow from flower seeds and it multiplies quickly.

Bee balm seed | mintleaf

How to grow

How To Grow Bee Balm From Seed: Sow Mintleaf Bee Balm seeds in small pots in late winter. Apply a starter fertilizer solution for the seedlings. Water when the soil surface is dry to the touch. Pinch off the tops of the plants several times during the growing season to encourage branching and a bushier grow habit. When the roots fill the container (about 2 months) they are ready for planting in the garden.

Plant the Wild Bergamot seedlings in a sunny, weed-free, well-drained soil, 20 - 30 inches a part. Water, if there are no rains. Wild Bergamot seeds can also be broadcast on a weed-free surface from January to mid-May in sunny locations. Irrigate regularly to keep herb seeds moist until germination, and continue to water Monarda seedlings during pro-longed dry periods. Powdery mildew is a common fungal problem, to prevent this fungus from appearing, large clumps should be thinned out so that the air circulates freely around them. The soil should also be kept consistently moist.

• Sowing Rate: 4 seeds per plant or 1 pound per acre
• Average Germ Time: 14 - 28 days
• Keep moist until germination
• Attracts bees, butterflies and hummingbirds
• Depth: Cover thinly, no more than the thickness of the seed

Plant Specifications

Monarda Fistulosa Bergamot can be found naturally along riverbanks and enjoys this rich, organic, moist soil. However, it will grow in average soil as well. Full sun is best, but light shade is tolerated. Most Monarda herbs multiply rapidly either by underground stems or freely sowing their own flower seed. In order to keep plants healthy and vigorous, they should be divided at least every three years in the spring. Deadheading spent blooms will prolong the bloom time.

• Height: 30 - 60 inches
• USDA Zones: 3 - 10
• Season: Perennial
• Deer Resistant: Yes

Bee Balm (Monarda Didyma Mix) - Bee Balm is popular in flower and herb gardens because it is easy to establish from Monarda seeds and nothing brings in the butterflies, hummingbirds, and bees like Monarda flowers. This beautiful mix of colors is very showy and will have everyone turning their heads. Medicinal uses Bee Balm is antimicrobial and often times made into tea. It can be used to treat colds, the flu, indigestion, bloating, and nausea.

Bee Balm seed | mix

How to grow

How To Grow Bee Balm Mix From Seed: Directly sow Bee Balm seeds outdoors in the spring when temperatures begin to warm. Lightly cover the flower seeds and keep them moist until germination. Until Monarda plants reach 10 - 12 inches tall, irrigate if rains are poor. Cooler soil temperature at night aids germination.

Monarda Bee Balm can be susceptible to powdery mildew, which is exacerbated by humidity and any kind of plant stress (even drought). To reduce the tendency for disease, keep the soil moist, minimizing overhead watering, and space plants far enough apart to allow for good air circulation between plants. Also, remove diseased foliage to prevent the spread of the mildew and divide the plant every three years or so, discarding the old center growth and replanting new side shoots.

• Sowing Rate: 4 seeds per plant
• Average Germ Time: 14 - 21 days
• Keep moist until germination
• Attracts bees, butterflies and hummingbirds
• Depth: Cover thinly, no more than the thickness of the seed

Flower Uses

Color shades range from scarlet to crimson to pink and sometimes white. Monarda herb uses include attracting beneficial insects in the garden, making an excellent flower for cutting, and offering edible flowers with mint-scented leaves that are used in teas or in potpourri. Bee Balm seeds may be sown from early spring up until 8 weeks before the last frost in the fall. Has a stoloniferous growth habit and can reach over 30 inches in height.

• Height: 30 inches
• USDA Zones: 4 - 9
• Season: Perennial
• Deer Resistant: Yes

Scarlet Bee Balm (Monarda Didyma) - Scarlet Bee Balm is popular in flower gardens because it is easy to establish from Monarda Didyma seeds and nothing brings in the butterflies, hummingbirds, and bees like Monarda flowers. Monarda Didyma is a perennial herb known as Bergamot, Scarlet Monarda, Oswego Tea and Crimson Beebalm.

Bee Balm seed | red

How to grow

How To Grow Monarda Didyma From Seed: Directly sow Monarda seeds outdoors in the spring when temperatures begin to warm. Lightly cover the flower seeds and keep them moist until germination. Until plants reach 10 - 12 inches tall, irrigate if rains are poor. Cooler soil temperature at night aids germination.

Monarda can be susceptible to powdery mildew, which is exacerbated by humidity and any kind of plant stress (even drought). To reduce the tendency for disease, keep the soil moist, minimizing overhead watering, and space plants far enough apart to allow for good air circulation between plants. Also, remove diseased foliage to prevent the spread of the mildew and divide the plant every three years or so, discarding the old center growth and replanting new side shoots.

• Sowing Rate: 4 seeds per plant
• Average Germ Time: 14 - 21 days
• Keep moist until germination
• Attracts bees, butterflies and hummingbirds
• Depth: Cover thinly, no more than the thickness of the seed

Flower Specifications

Scarlet Bee Balm is very showy and will have everyone turning their heads. It makes a great cut flower as well! The Monarda flowers are edible and the mint-scented leaves are used in teas or in potpourri. These flower seeds may be sown from early spring up until 8 weeks before the last frost in the fall.

• Height: 36 inches
• USDA Zones: 4 - 9
• Season: Perennial
• Deer Resistant: Yes

Spotted Beebalm (Monarda Punctata) - Also referred to as horsemint, is a native perennial to the Eastern U.S. and typically occurs in full sun areas with dry soil in prairies, sandy areas, rocky woodlands, and coastal plains. It is a clump-forming, mint family member which typically grows 1 to 3 feet tall and is considered to be drought tolerant. Although native to the Eastern U.S., plants do well in the following states: LA , AR , CA , CT , DC , DE , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD,  MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NJ , NM , NY , OH , OK , PA , SC , TN , TX , VA , VT.

Spotted Beebalm makes excellent cut flowers. Remove spent flowers to improve plant appearance and possibly to prolong bloom. The plants spreads by runners to form large clumps, but is not considered to be too aggressive. Monarda is considered to be a pollinator magnent attacting bees, butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds. Pollinators flock to the blooms in sunny prairie-like settings or in gardens with sandy well drained soils. Because of its showy blooms, these wonderful plants are often used in cottage gardens.  It is hard to find plants that are deer resistant, drought tolerant, and low maintenance; however, that is exactly what Spotted Beebalm is.

Unlike other bee balm species, spotted bee balm does not need watering except when newly planted until it’s established, and during periods of extended drought when its leaves are wilted or start dropping making it quite resistant to drought. The aromatic leaves and stems are unpalatable to deer and other animals.  Even though it is considered to be a perennial plant,  it usually is short-lived. If you want its continuous presence in your yard every summer, you might have to divide an existing plant, or start a new plant from seeds every couple of years although chances are that if you don’t remove the seed heads, volunteer seedlings will pop up in your flower beds in the following spring.

So why is it also called Horsemint? The plants have been used medicinally for horses as well as humans. For this reason they are sometimes called spotted horsemint or dotted horsemint.